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Cardura doxazosin ; - alpha-adrenergic blocker. Rx: hypertension. Side fx: postural hypotension Carvedilol Coreg ; beta blocker alpha blocker. Rx: CHF, angina, hypertension. OD: bradycardia, hypotension Catapres clonidine ; alpha -blocker. Rx: hypertension. Side fx: postural hypotension. OD: coma, resp pression, hypotension Celexa citalpram ; - SSRI Rx: depression. OD: seizures Chlorazepate Tranxene ; benzodiazepine anticonvulsant. OD: depressed LOA, resp. depression Chlordiazepoxide Librium ; - benzodiazepine sedative hypnotic. Rx: anxiety. OD: respiratory depression, depressed LOA Chlorpropamide Diabinese ; oral hypoglycemic. Rx: diabetes. citalpram Celexa ; SSRI Rx: depression. OD: seizures clomipramine Anafranil ; tricyclic antidepressant. OD: cardiac arrest. seizures clonazepam Klonopin ; benzodiapine anticonvulsant . OD: depressed LOA, resp. depression Clonidine Catapres ; alpha-blocker Rx: hypertension. Side fx: postural hypotension. OD: hypotension, resp pression, coma Cordarone amiodarone ; antiarrhythmic. Often toxic. frequently causes blue discolouration of skin that resembles cyanosis. Coreg carvedilol ; beta blocker alpha blocker. Rx: CHF, angina, hypertension. OD: bradycardia, hypotension Corgard nadolol ; beta-blocker. Rx: angina, hypertension, arrhythmias. OD: hypotension, bradycardia, hypoglycemia Cozaar losartan ; angiotensin blocker. Rx: hypertension. Dalmane flunazepam ; benzodiazepine sedative hypnotic. Rx: anxiety. OD: depressed LOA, resp. depression Depakene valproic acid ; -anticonvulsant. Rx: epilepsy, seizure disorder. Desipramine Norpramin ; tricyclic antidepressant. OD: cardiac arrest, seizure Desyrel trazadone ; SSRI. Rx: depression. OD: seizure Diabeta, glyburide ; oral hypoglycemic. Rx : diabetes Diabinese chlorpropamide ; oral hypoglycemic. Rx: diabetes. diazepam Valium ; benzodiazepine sedative hypnotic. Rx: anxiety. OD: respiratory depression, depressed LOA Digoxin Lanoxin ; cardiotonic strengthens cardiac contraction ; . Rx: CHF, atrial fibrillation Dilantin phenytoin ; - anticonvulsant. Rx: epilepsy, seizure disorder. OD: arrhythmias, resp. depression diltiazem Cardizem ; - calcium channel blocker. Rx: angina, hypertension, PSVT. OD: bradycardia, hypotension Diovan valsartan ; angiotensin blocker. Rx: hypertension Divalproex Epival ; anticonvuilsant. Rx: epilepsy, seizure disorder Dodd's ASA ; - NSAID. OD: respiratory alkalosis, seizures, bleeding, arrythmias, coma Doxazosin Cardura ; - alpha-adrenergic blocker. Rx: hypertension. Side fx: postural hypotension doxepin Sinequan ; tricyclic antidepressant. OD: seizures, cardiac arrest Dyazide triamterene hydrochlorothiazide ; diuretic. Rx: hypertension Effexor venlafaxine ; SSRI. Rx: depression. OD: seizures Elavil amitriptyline ; tricyclic antidepressant. OD: cardiac arrest, seizures enalapril Vasotec ; - ACE inhibitor. Rx: hypertension Entrophen ASA ; - NSAID. OD: respiratory alkalosis, seizures, bleeding, arrythmias, coma Epival divalproex ; anticonvulsant. Rx: epilepsy, seizure disorder. Ethambutol Myambutol ; antibiotic. Rx: TB felodipine Plendil ; calcium channel blocker. Rx: hypertension. OD: hypotension, bradycardia Fiorinal ASA + barbiturate ; Rx: migraines. OD: ASA OD: hyperventilation, seizures Flunazepam Dalmane ; benzodiazepine sedative hypnotic . Rx: anxiety. OD: respiratory depression, depressed LOA fluoxetine Prozac ; SSRI. Rx: depression. OD: seizures fluvoxamine Luvox ; SSRI. Rx: depression. OD: seizures fosinopril Monopril ; ACE inhibitor. Rx: hypertension, CHF furosemide Lasix ; diuretic. Rx: hypertension, CHF Furowemide Lasix ; diuretic. Rx: hypertension, CHF Gabapentin Neurontin ; - anticonvulsant. Rx: epilepsy, seizure disorder.
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Joel J. Hillhouse, Ph.D., 1 Rob Turrisi, Ph.D., 2 James Hamilton, M.S., 1 Michelle Glass, B.S., 1 and Paul Roberts, B.S.1 East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN; and 2Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
T cell recruitment into the airway is at least partly under the influence of chemokines, including those whose production by EC is up-regulated by viruses. The balance of chemokine production by airway EC may influence the nature and the effectiveness of the specific immune response. This balance may in turn be influenced by pre-existing chronic inflammation, as found in asthma or COPD. It is thought that an effective, antiviral immune response is characterized by the production of type 1 cytokines such as IFN- . There is evidence to suggest that type 1 responses to RV are deficient in individuals with asthma [128]. In a recent study of experimental RV16 infection in subjects with allergic rhinitis or asthma, the balance of airway types 1 and 2 cytokines in induced sputum IS ; induced by viral infection was related to symptoms and viral clearance. An inverse correlation was demonstrated between the ratio of IFN- to IL-5 mRNA and peak cold symptoms. In addition, subjects with RV16 still detectable 14 days after inoculation had lower IFN- IL-5 ratios during the acute cold phase than those who had cleared the virus [129]. Studies of cloned T cells suggest that Th1 and Th2 cells show differential expression of chemokine receptors. There is increased expression of CXCR3 receptor for IFN-inducible protein 10, IFN-inducible T cell- chemoattractant, and monokine induced by IFN- ; and CCR5 MIP-1 ; in human Th1 cells and increased expression of CCR4 thymus and activation-regulated chemokine and macrophage-derived chemokine ; and to a lesser extent, CCR3 eotaxin and MCP-3 ; in Th2 cells, with selective migration of cells in response to the and
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F. Special Billing Instructions for Hospital Inpatients.--When vaccines are provided to inpatients of a hospital, they are covered under the vaccine benefit. However, bill your intermediary on bill type 13X using the discharge date of the hospital stay to avoid editing in the Common Working File CWF ; as a result of hospital bundling rules. See subsection I for an exception. ; G. Simplified Billing of Influenza Virus Vaccine by Mass Immunizers.-Some potential "mass immunizers" have expressed concern about the complexity of billing for the influenza virus vaccine and its administration. Consequently, to increase the number of beneficiaries who obtain needed preventive immunizations, simplified roster ; billing procedures are available to mass immunizers. A mass immunizer is defined as any entity that gives the influenza virus vaccine to a group of beneficiaries, e.g., at Public Health Clinics, shopping malls, grocery stores, senior citizen homes, and health fairs. To qualify for roster billing, immunizations of at least five beneficiaries on the same date is required. See subsection I for an exception to this requirement for inpatient hospitals. ; The simplified process involves use of the billing form HCFA-1450 ; with preprinted standardized information relative to you and the benefit. Mass immunizers, attach a standard roster to a single pre-printed HCFA-1450 that contains variable claim information regarding the service provider and individual beneficiaries. The roster must contain, at a minimum, the following information: o o o NOTE: Provider name and number; Date of service; Patient name and address; Patient date of birth; Patient sex; Patient health insurance claim number; and Beneficiary signature or stamped "signature on file and
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Updated Information & Services References including high-resolution figures, can be found at: : content.onlinejacc cgi content full 37 1 300 This article cites 23 articles, 6 of which you can access for free at: : content.onlinejacc cgi content full 37 1 300#BIBL This article has been cited by 5 HighWire-hosted articles: : content.onlinejacc cgi content full 37 1 300#otherarticl es Information about reproducing this article in parts figures, tables ; or in its entirety can be found online at: : content.onlinejacc misc permissions.dtl Information about ordering reprints can be found online: : content.onlinejacc misc reprints.dtl.
Author Journal Wright P, Birkett M, J Psychiatry David SR, Meehan K, Ferchland I, Alaka KJ, Saunders JC, Krueger J, Bradley P, San L, Bernardo M, Reinstein M, Breier A. Meehan K, Zhang F, David S, Tohen M, Janicak P, Small J, Koch M, Rizk R, Walker D, Tran P, Breier A. J Clin Psychopharmacol and
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TABLE 2. PRA and Plasma Ang II After Administration of Fur0semide With or Without Captopril Pretreatment Time after furosemide treatment Plasma variable 60 min 0 min Study 2 furosemide ; PRA ng Ang I ml hr ; 1.70.5 3.40.7 * Ang II pg ml ; 13.61.8 78.65.0 * Study 3 captopril + furosemide ; PRA ng Ang I ml hr ; 7.1 2.3 16.54.7t Ang II pg ml ; 8.11.1 8.50.6 Values are means SE of eight subjects. ANG I angiotensin I. p 0 compared with values at 0 minutes and
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Health & Safety LA5 Practices on recording notification of occupational accidents diseases 50 LA6 Description of formal joint health and safety committees comprising management and worker representatives and proportion of workforce covered by any such committees 33 LA7 Standard injury, lost day, and absentee rates and number of work-related fatalities 6, 44, 50, LA8 Description of policies programs for the workplace and beyond ; on HIV AIDS No policy at this time. Training Education LA9 Average hours of training per year per employee by category of employee and
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Common Ground Wish List Medications Hypertension HCTZ 25 Atenolol 25 50 100 Metoprolol 25 50 100 Lisinopril 20 40 Enalapril 5 10 20 * Amlodipine 5 10 Clonidine 0.1 0.2 0.3 Diabetes Metformin 500 1000 Glyburide 5 10 Glipizide 5 10 * Actos 15 30 * Avandia 4 8 * Lantus Insulin * Humulin 70 30 * Humulin R Asthma * Advair 100 50, 250 * Flovent 44, 110, 220 Albuterol * Serevent Allergic Rhinitis * any nasal steroid Loratidine 10, + syrup Dyspepsia Ranitidine 150 Omeprazole 20 Dyslipidemia Simvastatin 20 40 80 * Lipitor 20 40 80 Antibiotics Azithromycin 250 Amoxicillin 500, 250 5mL syrup Cephalexin 500 TMP Sulfa DS * Levaquin 500 750 CHF Fhrosemide 5 10 20 KCl 10 20 Steroids Prednisone 5 10 20 Derm and
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Transurethral resection syndrome - This is characterized by mental confusion, nausea, vomiting, hypertension, bradycardia and visual disturbance. The symptoms are probably related to fluid reabsorption during the procedure. Symptoms appear when sodium concentration reaches 125 mEq mL. The risk is proportionally increased with the duration of TURP as it has been estimated that approximately 20 mL min of irrigation fluid is absorbed by the patient during resection 15 ; . The overall risk of transurethral resection syndrome is estimated to be 2% 4 ; Treatment is based on diuretic furosemide ; administration. General peri-operative complications - Overall, the risk of developing surgical complications, including pneumonia, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, pubic osteitis and wound complications, varies, with estimates from 12% for TUIP to 15% for TURP and 21% for open surgery 1 ; . A retrospective study of patients over 80 years old who underwent transvesical prostatectomy estimated the risk of pneumonia to be 4% and that of deep venous thrombosis to be 2% 12 ; Wound infection and wound complications are encountered in approximately 3% of open cases 12, 16 ; . Bleeding and the need for blood transfusion - The contemporary estimated need for blood transfusion ranges from 1% for TURP 10 ; to 4.6% for open surgery 16 ; . The requirement for secondary intervention for bleeding and clot retention ranges from 0.5% for TURP to 2.2% for open surgery 1 ; . Infectious post-operative complications, i.e. epididymitis and urinary tract infection - The mean probability of developing epididymitis ranges from 1.1% for TURP to 2.6% for open surgery, and the risk of urinary tract infection from 13.4% for open surgery to 15.5% for TURP 1.
Non-radiant deactivation processes of the excited molecules and other quenching processes. Hence, the reversed micelle particle acted as a synergist for the fluorescent molecules that were in the excited singlet state, and thereby the fluorescence quantum efficiency was enhanced. Also, as we know, the `water pool' in the polar cavity of the colloid particle has the ability to solubilize water-soluble or polar molecules. Hence in reversed micelles the virtual concentration of the luminophor was higher than that in aqueous solution. On the other hand, as can be seen from the contours in Fig. 2, the peak position of the excitation wavelength, which was at 280 nm in aqueous solution, was red shifted to 284 nm, whereas the peak position of the emission wavelength, which was 442 nm in aqueous solution, was blue shifted to 436 nm. The change in the fluorescent spectral profiles further demonstrated the influence of the reversed micelle medium on the fluorescence of NFLX. Also, it indicated that NFLX molecules were dissolved in the `bound water' of the `water pool' and reacted with polar heads of surfactants, which restrained the proton transfer of the excited state. Influence of water content on fluorescence of NFLX The physical and chemical properties of the entrapped water are markedly different from those of bulk water, but similar in several respects to those of biological interfacial water. Studies have indicated that the amount of the water in the `water pool', including bound water and free water, has a substantial influence on all properties of reversed micelles.18 Hence the properties and behavior of those chemicals solubilized in the water pool of reversed micelles are markedly affected by the water content. The dependence of the fluorescence characteristics of NFLX on the W value in the reversed micelle was studied in this work. As shown in Fig. 3, the fluorescence intensity of NFLX in the reversed micelle varied greatly with the water content. The fluorescence intensity increased gradually with increase in W up 10, where it attained a maximum value. Obviously, a certain amount of water was necessary for the formation of colloidal particles and for the solubilization of NFLX molecules. After this maximum at W 10, the fluorescence intensity decreased with continued increase in water content. When the W value was 16, the system was no longer clear and stable, that is, the reversed micelle system was not formed and fluorimetric detection was no longer possible. The explaination is that, at high W values, the properties of the water in the interior core of colloids are more likely to be similar to those of bulk solution, hence the fluorescence characteristics of the solubilized liminophor tended to those in bulk solution. In addition, the virtual concentration of dissolved NFLX in the reversed micelle decreased at excessive water contents and
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Phenoxybenzamine was continued at a twice-daily dosage of 100 mg until the night before surgery. On the morning of the operation, the patient received premedication of phenoxybenzamine 50 mg and temazepam 10 mg. In the operating room, a radial arterial catheter and a 14-gauge peripheral cannula were inserted under local anesthesia; five-lead ECG monitoring with ST segment trend recording was established. Anesthesia was induced by using fentanyl, thiopental, and vecuronium for muscle relaxation. The induction of anesthesia was followed by an immediate surge in mean ABP from its preinduction level of 110 mm Hg to 160 mm Hg. An arterial blood sample was immediately obtained for catecholamine concentration measurement, and this sample subsequently showed a markedly increased norepinephrine concentration of 12, 035 pg mL. A bolus of 4 g MgSO4 was administered and resulted in an immediate reduction in mean ABP to 80 mm Hg; this was not affected by the subsequent tracheal intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with 60% nitrous oxide in oxygen with end-tidal isoflurane partial pressure maintained in the range of 12 kPa and fentanyl 100 g h. Additional hemodynamic control was obtained solely with MgSO4 as an infusion of 2 g and intermittent bolus doses of 2 g whenever the ABP started to increase. A transesophageal echocardiography probe was inserted, and the left ventricular shape and size were monitored continuously. Surgery was uneventful, with good intraoperative ABP control peak mean ABP, 110 mm Hg ; . Tumor excision was accompanied by rapid blood loss and hypotension mean ABP, 45 mm Hg ; . MgSO4 was withdrawn, and the ABP responded well to IV administration of 1 g calcium chloride and aggressive fluid replacement. Neuromuscular blockade was reversed without difficulty, and the patient's trachea was extubated at the end of the procedure, 4 h after the induction of anesthesia. Throughout the procedure, there was no evidence of myocardial ischemia or dysfunction either on ECG or on transesophageal echocardiography. A total of 24 g MgSO4 was administered. Catecholamine estimations performed throughout the operation showed high levels of both epinephrine and norepinephrine, with a very large surge at the time of tumor excision Fig. 2 ; . The patient was admitted to the ICU for 2 days postsurgery, but the subsequent course both in the ICU and afterward was unremarkable, and she was discharged home 10 days after surgery. On follow-up, she appeared to have made a complete recovery, although she had some residual hypertension ABP 150 100 mm Hg ; for which she was given -methyl dihydroxyphenylalanine. The second case was a 19-yr-old man, approximately 1.7 m tall, weighing 31 kg, who presented to a peripheral hospital after a long illness in gross congestive cardiac failure with severe tachycardia heart rate, 145 bpm ; and increased ABP 180 110 mm Hg ; . The ECG indicated marked left atrial enlargement, left ventricular hypertrophy, and signs of ventricular strain, but no myocardial ischemia Fig. 3 ; . The chest radiograph showed bilateral pulmonary edema, an enlarged heart with a straight left heart border, and an elevated left main bronchus. On the basis of the pulmonary edema, radiological picture, and left atrial enlargement, an initial diagnosis of mitral stenosis was made. The patient's trachea was intubated and his lungs were ventilated, and then he was transferred to the cardiac ICU at Groote Schuur Hospital. In the cardiac ICU, a glyceryl trinitrate infusion increasing from 1 to 5 min 1 ; and IV fkrosemide 10 mg every 8 h were initiated, but the ABP remained very difficult and
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Home articles health topics diseases & conditions tests & procedures drugs & supplements symptoms site map quick links hypertension isolated systolic hypertension white-coat hypertension hypertension symptoms causes of hypertension hypertension treatment hypertension diet fuorsemide hctz benazepril metoprolol tartrate telmisartan microzide microzide is commonly prescribed for the treatment of high blood pressure and water retention and
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Meadow SR. Anticonvulsant drugs and congenital abnormalities. Lancet 1968; ii: 1296. Medchill MT, Gillum M. Diagnosis and management of tuberculosis during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1989; 44: 81-84. Medical Research International, the American Fertility Society Special Interest Group. In vitro fertilisation embrio transfer in the United States: 1985 and 1986 results from the National IVF-ET Registry. Fertil Steril 1988; 49: 212-215. Medical Research International, the American Fertility Society. In vitro fertilisation embrio transfer in the United States: 1987 results from the National IVF-ET Registry. Fertil Steril 1989; 51: 13-19.
Per interview with E2, on 01-30-04, at 10: 50 a.m., via telephone, E2 stated that she was still unable to determine whether R15 received her medications on 11-16-03 or not. E2 stated, "E4 thinks E8 Licensed Practical Nurse ; may have given them and I haven't had a chance to talk to E8 since I talked to E4 yesterday". Per interview with E4, on 01-29-04, at 7: 00 p.m., E4 stated that when she came to work on 11-16-03, the nurse going off duty informed her that three people had not yet received their 7: 00 a.m. medications. R15 was one of the residents whom had not yet received their medications. E4 stated that she had prepared R15's medication. E4 then said that she saw R14 walk through the hall and she yelled at staff to bring her back to get her medicines. E4 said she administered the medications to R14. E4 continued to say that about 2 hours later, R14 began drooling, had left-sided weakness and slurred speech "almost like she was having a CVA Cerebral Vascular Accident ; ". E4 said she thought about the medications all day, but it wasn't until she was driving home that evening, that she was sure that she had given R14 the medications that were intended for R15. E4 stated that R14 received all of R15's 7: 00 a.m. medication. When asked if R15 received her medications on 11-16-03, E4 said that she wasn't sure but she thinks E8 gave them to her. Medications scheduled for R15 to receive at 7: 00 a.m., but were instead administered to R14 were: Clozapine 100 milligrams for Schizophrenia ; , Depakote 500 milligrams for seizures ; , Furosemkde 20 milligrams, Vitamin E capsule, Certagen Tablet nutritional supplement ; , Vitamin B6 100 milligrams nutritional supplement ; , Vitamin C 500 milligrams nutritional supplement ; . Per telephone interview with Z1 Medical Director ; on 02 09 11: a.m., Z1 stated that he considered the medication error involving R14 that occurred on 11 16 "significant medication error." Z1 further stated, "The Clozapine would have had a significant impact on R14's medication condition." 2. Not providing nurses with additional training after medication errors: Per interview with E2, last documented training for nurses regarding medication errors occurred October 2003. Per review of facility's "Incident Tracking Log", surveyor noted that there have been three documented medication errors since the training in October 2003, 2 of which, per facility's documentation, has resulted in hospital visits ; . Incidents are as listed.
Weightlifter satish rai could face life ban - jun 15, 2007 hindu, all of them face two-year suspensions since steroids, stimulants except certain drugs that fall under `specified substances' and diuretic furosemide all horsemen dispute results of drug tests - jun 27, 2007 louisville courier-journal, such findings in post-race blood tests for the popular medication furosemide - a diuretic commonly known as lasix - have been rare, even after the late breaking data released at ada showed that the investigational.
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Recommendation Comments Contraindicated Cross reactivity has not been reproted clinically however is a theoretical concern None Caution No cross sensitivity Cross sensitivity is possible however no likely due to different metabolism site Cross sensitiviy is possible however has been used in patients allergic to furosemide One patient developed angioedema and was sulfa allergic. Manufacturer cautions against use. No cross sensitivity High-risk High-risk No reports of cross reactivity High potential for cross reactivity due to chemical similarities and gemfibrozil.
Image unavailable furosemide furosemide inn ; or frusemide former ban ; is a loop diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and oedema.
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The fecal neutral sterol and bile acid contents are shown in Table 3. The concentrations of fecal neutral sterols and bile acids mg g dry feces ; were both increased with KGM treatment by 19.4 25.0% p 0.004 ; and 75.4 81.5% p 0.001 ; , respectively, in relative to the placebo treatment.
Tablets, injection, and oral solution one study in six subjects demonstrated that the combination of furosemide and acetylsalicylic acid temporarily reduced creatinine clearance in patients with chronic renal insufficiency.
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Fosinopril protects renal function in chronic renal failure with hypertension In an open-label study, 241 patients in chronic renal failure with hypertension were randomised to receive fosinopril 10-30mg or nifedipine gastrointestinal therapeutic system GITS ; 30-60mg once daily. Furosemide, atenolol, and doxazocin.
A. DIURETICS Generic Name Acetazolamide Amiloride Bendroflumethiazide Benzthiazide Bumetanide Chlorothiazide Cyclothiazide Ethacrynic Acid Flumethiazide Furosemide Hydrochlorothiazide Hydroflumethiazide Methyclothiazide Metolazone Polythiazide Probenecid Quinethazone Spironolactone Triamterene Trichlormethiazide and related substances Brand Names Examples ; Amilco Midamor Aprinox Aquatag Burine Diuril Anhydron Edecrin --Lasix Aprozide Leodrine Aquatensen Zaroxolyn Renese Benemid Hydromox Aldactone Jatropur, Dytac Anatran.
Indomethacin is used to pharmacologically occlude patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. It induces renal untoward effects and furosemide is administered simultaneously to counteract them. The effect of furosemide is blunted by indomethacin. We analyzed comparatively the interactions of furosemide and indomethacin at the organic anion transport system in adult and newborn individuals. Adult and 5-day-old Wistar rats were allocated into three groups: 1 ; indomethacin 10 mg kg, ip 2 ; furosemide 2 mg kg, ip and 3 ; indomethacin furosemide, at the same doses. Urinary flow, glomerular filtration rate GFR ; , sodium and potassium fractional excretions, and free-water and osmolal clearances were estimated. Para-aminohippuric acid PAH ; uptake was measured in renal cortical slices to study the organic anion's secretory pathway. In adult and newborn rats, furosemide-induced increments in urinary fluxes and excretions of sodium and potassium were blunted by indomethacin administered simultaneously. PAH uptake was decreased to a further extent by indomethacin than by furosemide, suggesting that inhibition of the diuretic effect might be related to competition in the secretion of furosemide. Inhibitory interaction between indomethacin and furosemide was achieved at approximately 10-fold lower concentrations in the newborn than in the adult rats, suggesting that tubular secretion in the neonate is more sensitive to the action of these drugs than in the adult individual. IPNA 2006. 574. Curcumin, the active principle of turmeric Curcuma longa ; , ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in rats - Sharma S., Kulkarni S.K. and Chopra K. [Dr. K. Chopra, Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India] - CLIN. EXP. PHARMACOL. PHYSIOL. 2006 33 10 ; - summ in ENGL 1. Chronic hyperglycaemia in diabetes leads to the overproduction of free radicals and evidence is increasing that these contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy. Among the spices, turmeric Curcuma longa ; is used as a flavouring and colouring agent in the indian diet every day and is known to possess antioxidant properties. The present study was designed to examine the effect of curcumin, a yellow pigment of turmeric, on renal function and oxidative stress in streptozotocin STZ ; -induced diabetic rats. 2. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ 65 mg kg ; in rats. Four weeks after STZ injection, rats were divided into four groups, namely control rats, diabetic rats and diabetic rats treated with curcumin 15 and 30 mg kg, p.o. ; for 2 weeks. Renal function was assessed by creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and urea clearance and urine albumin excretion. Oxidative stress was measured by renal malonaldehyde, reduced glutathione and the anti-oxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase. 3. Streptozotocin- injected rats showed significant increases in blood glucose, polyuria and a decrease in bodyweight compared with age-matched control rats. After 6 weeks, diabetic rats also exhibited renal dysfunction, as evidenced by reduced creatinine and urea clearance and proteinuria, along with a marked increase in oxidative stress, as determined by lipid peroxidation and activities of key antioxidant enzymes. Chronic treatment with curcumin significantly attenuated both renal dysfunction and oxidative stress in diabetic rats. 4. These results provide confirmatory evidence of oxidative stress in diabetic nephropathy and point towards the possible antioxidative mechanism being responsible for the nephroprotective action of curcumin. 2006 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd. 575. Intrarenal oxygenation in chronic renal failure - Norman J.T. and Fine L.G. [J.T. Norman, Centre for Nephrology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom] - CLIN. EXP. PHARMACOL. PHYSIOL. 2006 33 10 ; - summ in ENGL 1. In chronic renal failure CRF ; , renal impairment correlates with tubulointerstitial fibrosis characterized by inflammation, interstitial expansion with accumulation of extracellular matrix ECM ; , tubular atrophy and vascular obliteration. Tubulointerstitial injury subsequent to glomerular sclerosis may be induced by proteinuria, leakage of glomerular filtrate or injury to the post-glomerular peritubular capillaries hypoxia ; . 2. In vivo data in animal models suggest that CRF is associated with hypoxia, with the decline in renal P o2 preceding ECM accumulation. 3. Chronic renal failure is characterized by loss of microvascular profiles but, in the absence 116.
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200 to 800 mg day ; . Combination of furosemide with any of the other diuretic agents resulted in natriuretic and diuretic effects which equalled or exceeded the sum of responses observed when the drugs were administered singly.
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